Chilblains

The exact cause of chilblains has not been determined, but they seem to be due to a combination of cold temperatures and circulatory problems. Not everyone who’s exposed to cold conditions develops chilblains, so it appears that some people are more sensitive to temperature changes than others.

One possible explanation is that parts of the body may be deprived of the blood they need by the constriction of the blood vessels near the skin with cold temperatures (which is one of the body’s mechanisms for conserving body warmth).

Factors that increase the likelihood of developing chilblains include:

• Wearing tight shoes that rub on or irritate the skin of the toes
• Being sedentary
• Health problems that affect the circulation, for example anaemia or Raynaud’s phenomenon

The elderly and teenagers are particularly susceptible, and women are more likely to be affected by chilblains than men.

• Taking vitamin C and bioflavonoids may help to maintain the health of the capillaries, and support wound healing.
• Ginkgo aids peripheral circulation (circulation to the extremities), and is used to treat a range of circulatory problems, including chilblains and Raynaud’s syndrome.

• Avoid being out in cold or damp weather for long periods.
• If you have chilblains, don’t expose the affected tissue to a source of heat (such as a hot water bottle or electric heater). Instead, if you’re cold, try to warm your whole body up gradually, or use gentle massage to stimulate blood flow.
• Don't scratch the chilblains as you may exacerbate the skin damage. Witch hazel lotion may help to relieve the itchiness.
• Keep your legs and body warm, especially if you have poor circulation – gloves, thermal leggings and socks are all a good idea.  Choose natural fibres like cotton and wool to prevent dampness occurring and allow the skin to breathe. Use layers of lightweight clothes to trap body heat, rather than a single heavy coat. 
• Regular gentle exercise is an important way to help maintain healthy peripheral circulation. Walking is the ideal choice for many people, but talk to your doctor before starting a new exercise program.
• Maintain your feet carefully. Take extra care to dry the feet after bathing. Keep your nails short and tidy and use moisturising products to keep the skin supple. Only wear shoes that are comfortable and don’t impinge on the toes. Regular visits to your podiatrist may also be beneficial.

• See your doctor if your chilblains are severe, recurrent or ulcerating. People with diabetes should monitor the situation especially carefully.