Vitiligo

Vitiligo is a complex condition, the exact cause of which is not known. It is believed to involve multiple factors (some of which are genetic) that result in skin cells called melanocytes becoming diseased and/or destroyed, preventing them from producing melanin, the pigment that colours our skin and hair.

Although the causes of vitiligo are not fully understood, one theory is that the melanocytes of skin with vitiligo are somehow inherently abnormal, stopping them from functioning normally.

Another possibility is that vitiligo is an autoimmune disease – in other words, a disease in which the immune system turns against the body’s own cells. This theory is supported by a number of changes that are observed in the immune cells of patients with vitiligo, as well as by the fact that patients with vitiligo have an increased likelihood of later developing other autoimmune conditions (including the thyroid diseases Graves disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis).

Oxidative stress (free radical damage) is increased in the skin of patients with vitiligo, and this may contribute to the destruction of the melanocytes.

None of these issues alone causes vitiligo, so it is thought likely that a combination of them, along with others yet to be identified, leads to the condition.

• Vitiligo is notoriously resistant to treatment, and consequently requires a personalised treatment plan, devised by your healthcare professional. The following information is intended as supportive therapy only, and is not intended to replace professional advice. Do not take natural therapies for vitiligo without first discussing your personal circumstances with your healthcare professional.
• There is some evidence that when taken over six months, ginkgo may help to delay the progression of vitiligo or promote the re-pigmentation of the affected skin.
• Some research suggests that taking folic acid and vitamin B12may enhance the effects of sun exposure in vitiligo. Very high doses of folic acid were used in this research, and may not be suitable for some patients.
• Similarly, there are some indications that taking vitamin E may enhance the effects of phototherapy, perhaps due to its antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.
  

• Phototherapy (UV-therapy) is often used in the treatment of vitiligo. Sometimes oral or topical medications are also prescribed. Your healthcare professional will tailor your treatment plan to your individual case.
• As free radical damage is implicated in vitiligo, it is wise to follow a healthy balanced diet containing plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts and seeds in order to maximise your consumption of antioxidants.
• At the same time, minimise free radical activity from other sources by avoiding cigarette smoke, exposure to pollution and toxic chemicals, and the consumption of excessive quantities of alcohol.
• If your self-esteem is suffering because of your skin condition, don’t be embarrassed about talking to your healthcare professional. Help and support is available.
  

• Having vitiligo increases your risk of certain other health conditions, including diabetes and some forms of thyroid disease. Ask your doctor to explain the symptoms of these conditions to you, so that you know to seek medical advice quickly if they arise.